What does 'software' refer to in educational technology?

In the context of educational technology, 'software' specifically refers to the programs and applications that instruct the hardware on what tasks to perform. This encompasses a wide range of tools, including operating systems, educational applications, and various digital platforms that facilitate learning processes. By controlling the functionalities of the hardware, software enables users to perform a myriad of tasks, such as word processing, data analysis, and access to online resources, making it a core component of the technology used in educational environments.

The other options do not correctly define software. Data storage systems relate to where information is stored rather than the programs that run on devices. Physical components of computers refer to the hardware itself, which includes items like monitors, keyboards, and processors, rather than the software that operates on them. Networks, while crucial for connecting devices, pertain to the communication systems in place, rather than the programs that make interaction with the hardware possible. Thus, the correct understanding of software in education technology is fundamental to leveraging technology effectively for teaching and learning.