Which of the following are formative assessment strategies teachers can implement?

The selected answer is correct because formative assessment strategies are those that are applied during the instructional process to monitor student learning and provide ongoing feedback. Techniques such as questioning, observation, and quizzes serve as essential tools for teachers to gauge understanding in real time, allowing for adjustments in teaching methods and curriculum as needed. These strategies emphasize continuous improvement and adaptability in the learning experience, enabling educators to support students effectively.

In contrast, other options do not align with the principles of formative assessment. Summative exams at the end of the term are designed to evaluate student learning after instruction has occurred and are therefore not used to inform ongoing teaching. Large-scale standardized testing focuses on assessing students at a specific point and does not provide the dynamic, real-time feedback associated with formative assessments. Finally, a single assessment at the beginning of the year provides a snapshot of students' prior knowledge but does not facilitate ongoing engagement and learning adjustment throughout the year.